EVOLUSI ILMU PERILAKU ORGANISASI DARI ERA KLASIK HINGGA MODERN

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to trace the development of Organizational Behavior (OB) from classical paradigms to the contemporary era characterized by digitalization, sustainability, and globalization. The main focus is to identify the continuity and shifts in theories, ranging from Frederick Taylor’s scientific management, which emphasized work efficiency, the Hawthorne studies highlighting the role of social factors, to motivation theories by Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor, which placed psychological needs as the foundation of performance. The research employed a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Data were collected from books, journal articles, and recent, complemented by secondary literature from academic databases. The analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques by comparing classical theories with modern studies and synthesizing findings to map the evolution of OB both chronologically and thematically. The findings reveal that OB has transformed from a mechanistic paradigm into a more adaptive multidisciplinary approach. This shift is marked by increasing attention to employee well-being, managing diversity as a driver of innovation, integrating pro-environmental behavior in organizational practices, and utilizing digital technology that offers efficiency opportunities while raising ethical, privacy, and mental health challenges. Furthermore, the post-pandemic context underscores the importance of work flexibility, psychological support, and hybrid models as adaptive strategies for modern organizations. Thus, OB is not only understood as an academic field but also as a practical strategy for building ethical, inclusive, sustainable, and responsive organizations in the complexity of the 21st century.